If you are an avid knitter or crocheter, you’ve likely used the terms “yarn” and “wool” interchangeably. However, while they are related, they aren’t the same thing! Understanding the distinction is the secret to choosing the right material for your project – ensuring your handmade items look professional and last for years.
What is Yarn? (The Broad Category)
Yarn is a general term for a continuous strand of fibers that have been twisted (spun) together.1 Think of “yarn” as the umbrella term. It can be made from almost anything:
- Plant fibers: Cotton, linen, bamboo, hemp.
- Animal fibers: Wool, silk, alpaca, mohair.
- Synthetic fibers: Acrylic, polyester, nylon.
How it’s made: Yarn is created through spinning (twisting fibers to create strength) or bonding. The “twist” of the yarn determines its texture – a tight twist makes for a sturdy, crisp yarn (like cotton), while a loose twist makes it soft and fluffy (like roving).
What is Wool? (The Natural Powerhouse)
Wool is a specific type of fiber that comes from the fleece of sheep or other animals like goats (Cashmere) and rabbits (Angora).
How it’s obtained: Unlike synthetic yarn, wool is grown, not manufactured. Once sheared from the animal, it is cleaned, “carded” (brushed), and then spun into wool yarn. It is prized for its “crimp” – a natural waviness that traps air, making it incredibly warm and elastic.
Key Differences at a Glance
| Feature | Yarn | Wool |
| Origin | Can be plant, animal, or plastic | Strictly animal-based (protein fiber) |
| Elasticity | Depends on the fiber (Cotton = Low) | Naturally high (bounces back) |
| Warmth | Varies (Cotton is cool) | High (natural insulation) |
| Breathability | High in natural, low in synthetic | Naturally very breathable |
Why the Distinction Matters for Your Project
Choosing “wool” when you should have chosen “yarn” (like cotton) can ruin a garment’s fit. Here is how to decide:
1. The “Stretch” Factor
Wool has “memory.” If you knit a wool sweater, it will keep its shape. If you use a plant-based yarn like 100% cotton, the garment may “grow” or sag over time because cotton lacks the natural elasticity of wool.
2. Heat and Moisture
- Wool is moisture-wicking. It can absorb up to 30% of its weight in water without feeling wet, making it perfect for winter gear.
- Plant Yarns (like Bamboo or Linen) are heat-conductors. They pull heat away from the body, which is why they are the “yarn of choice” for summer tops.
3. Allergies and Sensitivity
Many people claim to be “allergic to wool,” but often they are just sensitive to the “barbs” on coarser wool fibers. If you have sensitive skin, look for Merino Wool (which has very fine fibers) or switch to a Bamboo/Silk yarn blend for a smooth, non-itchy finish.
Common Types of Each
Popular Yarns:
- Acrylic: Affordable, machine-washable, and comes in every color imaginable.
- Cotton: Strong and clear – perfect for showing off intricate crochet stitches.
- Silk: Incredibly strong with a luxury sheen.
Popular Wools:
- Merino: The gold standard for softness.
- Alpaca: Warmer than sheep’s wool and contains no lanolin (great for those with minor wool sensitivities).
- Cashmere: Sourced from the undercoat of Himalayan goats; the pinnacle of luxury.
The Sustainability Angle
When choosing between synthetic yarn (like acrylic) and natural wool, consider the environment.
- Wool is renewable and biodegradable. At the end of its life, a wool sweater will break down naturally.
- Synthetic Yarn is essentially plastic. While it is durable and budget-friendly, it sheds microplastics in the wash and stays in landfills for centuries.
Final Thoughts
In short: All wool is yarn, but not all yarn is wool. The next time you head to the craft store, check the label! If it says “100% Acrylic,” you’re holding a synthetic yarn. If it says “100% Merino,” you’re holding a natural wool. Knowing the difference allows you to be an intentional maker, creating pieces that are perfectly suited for their purpose.
What’s your favorite fiber to work with? Are you Team Wool or Team Cotton? Let me know in the comments!